The transmission network expansion planning is necessary for supplying the future needs, considering load growth. Furthermore, in restructured environments, transmission lines provide the required infrastructure for creating a competitive environment. In recent years, there has been a signifi cant advancement in storage technologies. This advancement leads to using energy storage systems to postpone the construction or replacement of transmission lines. Therefore, in this paper, the problems of transmission expansion planning and energy storage systems deployment are investigated simultaneously. Considering the presence of storage devices and their effect on network operation cost, in this paper, the operation cost is modeled as an independent objective function along with investment cost. Moreover, the problems of transmission and storage expansion planning are modeled as a tri-objective optimization problem with the objectives of reducing costs and increasing the social welfare index in the power market. The multiobjective shuffl ed frog leaping evolutionary algorithm is used to solve these problems. The presented model for expansion planning is implemented and analyzed on IEEE 24-bus test system in the presence and absence of energy storage systems, and the effect of change in the price of energy storage systems is studied. The results of this research show that as the technology advances and the storage costs decrease, energy storage systems can play a pivotal role in reducing expansion planning costs of the power network and improving market-based indices in the restructured environment.

Due to the limited energy resources and the need to save energy, use of solar energy as a strategic approach is extremely important. So in this article by using system to store solar Energy for heating buildings in Laboratory of Islamic Azad university-Semnan Branch. In this approach tried to optimized using of solar energy. In this system, the energy requirements of the building using software «Carrier» during the day and then the solar energy are calculated using mathematical equations. A code written in «MATLAB» for optimum Solar Energy consumption where calculates storage system level thermal load and thermal load of the auxiliary system (boiler) on the day. Utilizing the code, all needed magnitude of geometry as the collector area requirements according to the heat load are provided.

In recent years, the environmental crisis caused by the increasing emission of carbon dioxide is expanding. For this reason, the world is turning towards renewable energies at a considerable speed. The renewable energy system has a great potential for decarbonizing the environment; because they do not produce greenhouse gases or pollutants. Renewable energy systems rely on natural resources such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal energy to produce energy. These sources include uncertainty and depend on weather, season, and year. To account for these periodicities, renewable energy can be stored using various methods. Then, if needed, it was used in a fixed and controlled manner. Energy storage system technology provides the possibility of absorbing, storing, and releasing energy for later use. Energy storage systems can help balance electricity supply and demand, improve grid stability, reduce carbon emissions, and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. In this research, the types of energy storage systems subsets such as thermal, chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, electrical, and hybrid are classified and then their advantages and disadvantages and operating principles are compared and investigated.

Sunlight is converted into electricity and heat simultaneously with the help of PV thermal panels. It is examined that the efficiency of the PVT panel is higher than the separate PV panels and solar thermal collectors’ efficiency. The electricity conversion-efficiency for a PV system is about 6% to 15% and in moreover cases 85% of the incoming solar energy is either reflected or absorbed as heat energy. Now a day’ s Renewable energy has become a hot topic. The energy researchers day by day making advanced researches to make this type of system a useable one. Non-renewable sources will be approximately finished within next 100-150 years. So this type of energy is very important for everyone. Normally researches are made on producing electricity from renewable sources like sun-light, wind energy, tidal energy and etc. In this paper there is a compact review of solar photovoltaic thermal system. The performance of the solar cell decreases with the increasing of temperature. Both the electrical efficiency and the power output of PV module depend on the operating temperature. Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors, also known as hybrid PV/T systems are systems in which sunlight is converted into thermal and electrical energy both. This paper contains a combination of basic and advanced hybrid PV/T systems that are usable in Asian region.

This paper presents a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading model in micro-grids that considers distributed solar photovoltaic systems (SPVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) utilizing the TLBO Algorithm. It aims to minimize customer costs and increase profit by optimizing charging, purchasing, and selling decisions. For this purpose, two scenarios are studied. In the first scenario, the primary energy system includes SPVs, loads, and BESS to optimize the charge/discharge of the energy storage systems. In the second scenario, it is assumed that in addition to the SPVs, loads, and BESS, a neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid is connected to the primary energy systems, allowing peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading with it. According to the results, trading in the second scenarios on a winter day lead to 14.53 $ per day, compared to the first scenario with 11.53 $. In addition, the neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid in the second scenario, which has created the possibility of energy exchange between micro-grids, has led to an increase of about 21% in the profit of the primary power grid. Based on the results, this approach seemed to be helpful for micro-grid operators to make the most economical decisions.

Due to the high penetration of renewable energy resources and the direct impact on the power system, the issue of energy management has received more attention than researchers. Power-to-gas (P2G) system causes the surplus electricity generated from renewable energy resources in the network to be converted to gas and sold to the gas network, so energy management and profitability are a matter of particular importance, considering the two grids as a joint optimization of integrated energy systems. This paper presents a scenario-based stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize integrated gas and electricity integrated systems considering natural gas distributed generation resources, P2G systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. It aims to reduce the cost of purchasing energy and cut off the power of renewable energy resources. The 33-bus power distribution network and the 7-node natural gas network are considered for the analysis of the proposed model, and the proposed model is solved using the powerful Gurobi solver, considering various cases. The results of different cases show the performance of the proposed model.

The use of batteries is widespread in the industry, but they have various disadvantages, and in some applications, the need for less weight or volume, higher power density or a better response to transient events is felt. Due to the practical problems of batteries and with the advancement of technology, especially in materials science, supercapacitors were introduced. Supercapacitors are advanced high-capacity electrical energy storage devices in relatively small volumes. A supercapacitor consists of two thin, high-level electrodes (plates) separated by a dielectric, providing a high energy storage density. In addition, supercapacitors have advantages over other energy storage technologies such as less carbon footprint as well as lower cost of ownership and maintenance. Applications of supercapacitors can be to provide temporary load until the backup generator is fully offline and thus reduce the need for fossil fuel generators, oscillation and stabilization of frequency changes in power systems, smoothing solar and wind energy, support Short-term and reduce the risk of breakdown in important facilities and thus improve the quality of electricity supply. Supercapacitors are used in a wide range of applications, from the power grid to the transportation sector. This article provides an overview of supercapacitors, including concepts, applications, features, advantages, and limitations. Then, their applications in different sectors of the industry, including use in the power grid and microgrid, especially their benefits in combination with renewable energy and transportation systems, are discussed. Moreover, some examples of universal implementation of supercapacitors and the benefits obtained will be explained.

It is essential to consider electric energy storage systems in power system studies due to increasing utilization of these energy resources. In this paper we augment the generation maintenance scheduling problem to consider effects of energy storage systems. In the new formulation the outage schedules of generation units and energy storage systems are determined jointly. The problem is modeled in such a way that the main effect of energy storage systems, -which is switching between charge and discharge mode to comply with power system requirements- is considered. The model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and is implemented in test systems. The results show the capability of the proposed model in joint maintenance scheduling of generation units and energy storage systems.